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2.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 49(3): 247-254, set. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958005

ABSTRACT

The distribution of Aspergillus species in soil has been widely studied all over the world. The aim of this study was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of species belonging to section Fumigati present in soils from two Argentinian semi-desert areas having different geological conditions. Altogether, 23 isolates belonging to Aspergillus section Fumigati were recovered and identified using a polyphasic approach including phenotypic and molecular identifications. Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto and Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis had the highest frequency, of occurrence while isolates closely related to Aspergillus udagawae and Aspergillus felis were rarely observed. A. fumigatiaffinis and isolates closer to A. udagawae were isolated for the first time from Argentinian soils and this is the first report on the occurrence of species belonging to the A. felis clade in South America. Recent scientific interests in biodiversity, as well as the increasing importance of aspergilli as causative agents of human and animal diseases increase the need to understand the diversity and occurrence of these fungi in nature.


La distribución de especies de Aspergillus en el suelo se ha estudiado ampliamente en todo el mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar fenotípica y genotípicamente las especies pertenecientes a la sección Fumigati presentes en los suelos de dos zonas semidesérticas de Argentina con diferentes geologías. En total, 23 Aspergillus de la sección Fumigati fueron aislados e identificados utilizando un enfoque polifásico incluyendo identificaciones fenotípicas y moleculares. Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto y Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis aparecieron con mayor frecuencia, mientras que los aislamientos relacionados a Aspergillus udagawae y a Aspergillus felis se observaron raramente. Este es el primer informe de A. fumigatiaffinis y de aislamientos estrechamente relacionados a A. udagawae en suelos argentinos; también el primero sobre la ocurrencia de especies pertenecientes al clado A. felis en Sudamérica. El emergente interés científico en la biodiversidad, así como la creciente importancia de Aspergillus como agentes causales de enfermedades humanas y animales, aumentan la necesidad de conocer la diversidad y la ocurrencia de estos hongos en la naturaleza.


Subject(s)
Aspergillus , Soil Microbiology , Biodiversity , Argentina , Aspergillus/isolation & purification , South America
3.
Bol. micol ; 25: 15-27, dic. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-585723

ABSTRACT

Se evaluó la presencia de hongos endófitos en hojas de dos plantas medicinales, Acanthospermum australe y Pterocaulon alopecuroides, utilizadas entre otras cosas para tratar infecciones cutáneas. El muestreo se realizó en el entorno rural de dos ciudades del nordeste argentino. Los especimenes fueron recogidos por aborígenes de la zona conocedores de su distribución ambiental. Los hongos se aislaron mediante la técnica de Bisseger et al., 1994 y se identificaron empleando caracteristicas morfofisiológicas. Considerando las dos plantas, se encontraron 40 morfoespecies, donde los taxa más frecuentes en Acanthospermum australe fueron: Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani, Myrothecium roridum, Phoma spp. y Sordaria fimícola, y en Pterocaulon alopecuroides fueron: Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium proliferatum y Myrothecium roridum. Estos taxas considerados como generalistas (o de múltiples hospedadores), presentan según la literatura específica analizada, alta producción de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos con potenciales capacidades terapéuticas antimicrobianas.


The presence of endophytic fungi in leaves of two medicinal plants (Acanthospermum australe andPterocaulon alopecuroides) used mainly to treat skin infections, was evaluated. The sampling was performed in the rural area of two cities of northeast Argentina.The specimens were collected by the aboriginals who know the ®medicines¼. Fungi were isolated employing the Bisseger et al., 1994 technique and they were identifying by morpho fisiological characteristics. Regarding the two plant species, 40 morphospecies were found. The most frequent taxa in Acanthospermum australe were: Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Myro-thecium roridum, Phoma sp. and Sordaria fimícola, and inPterocaulon alopecuroides were: Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium proliferatum y Myrothecium roridum. These species considered generalistics (found in multiple hosts), presented in the analized literature a high production of bioactive secondary metabolites with eventual antimicrobial therapeutic properties.


Subject(s)
Fungi/isolation & purification , Fungi/classification , Fungi/growth & development , Fungi/physiology , Fungi/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/microbiology , Skin Diseases, Infectious , Argentina
4.
Bol. micol ; 23: 75-85, dic. 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-585735

ABSTRACT

Se analizó la presencia de propágulos fúngicos en muestras secas del musgo Sphangnum magellanicum provenientes de 2 localidades de la zona Sur del país (39 y 41ºS), mediante cultivos en agar agua y agar Sabouraud a temperaturas de 25 y 35ºC con muestras recién colectadas (2007) y almacenadas un año a temperatura ambiente (2008). Nuestro objetivo fue determinar previo a la comercialización de este vegetal desecado, la presencia/ausencia del complejo Sporothrix schenckii u otras especies oportunistas consideradas como un riesgo en salud pública en la comunidad de microhongos filamentosos viables en el tiempo en este musgo. En la primera muestra (41ºS, 2007), a 25ºC, en ambos medios, se observó un total de 31 géneros y 36 especies. Los géneros con mayor frecuencia en orden decreciente y en ambos medios fueron: Penicillium, Cladosporium, Trichoderma y Mucor representando aproximadamente el 70 por ciento del total de presencia, mientras en las muestras sembradas un año después, fueron en orden decreciente: Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium y Gelasinospora, con un total de presencia del 75,4 por ciento. A 35ºC en ambas muestras la presencia de taxa se redujo a 4-5 géneros donde las principales especies fueron A. fumigatus complex y T. longibrachiatum con altos porcentajes, Penicillium spp. y Gelasinospora caulospora. Se destaca un raro aislamiento de Neosartorya quadricincta. Ningún integrante del complejo Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii se detectó en las muestras a 25º y 35º C, pero a pesar de su ausencia deben tomarse precauciones en el manejo y distribución comercial de este musgo en Chile, debido a la sobrevivencia en el tiempo de ciertos hongos oportunistas, como los integrantes del complejo A. fumigatus y T. longibrachiatum.


The presence of fungal propagules in desiccated samples of Sphangnum magellanicum moss collected from two southern zones of the country (39 and 41ºS) was analyzed by means of water agar and Sabouraud agar, at 25 and 35ºC temperatures using freshly gathered samples (2007) and stored for a year at room temperature (2008). Our aim was to determine, prior to the marketing of this desiccated vegetable, the presence/absence of the Sporothix schenckii complex or other opportunistic species which are considered to be a risk in public health, in the community of filamentous microfungi that are viable with time in this moss. The first sample (41ºS, 2007),at 25ºC, in both media revealed 31 genera and 36 species as a total. Genera most frequently found, in decreasing order, were: Penicillium, Cladosporium, Trichoderma and Mucor, which represented about 70 percent of the overall occurrence, whereas samples cultured one year later showed, in decreasing order, the presence of : Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium and Gelasinospora, meaning a 75.4 percent occurrence. At 35ºC, the presence of taxa became reduced in both samples to 4-5 genera, main species being A. fumigatus complex and T. longibrachiatum in high percentages, Penicillium spp. and Gelasinospora caulospora. Besides, it is remarkable a rare isolation of Neosartorya quadricincta. None component of the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenkii complex was detected in samples at 25º and 35º C yet although its absence, caution must be made in handling and commercial distribution of this moss in Chile due to the survival in time of certain opportunistic fungi such as those found in the A. fumigatus complex and T.longibrachiatum.


Subject(s)
Agar , Fungi/isolation & purification , Fungi/classification , Fungi/growth & development , Fungi/pathogenicity , Sphagnopsida , Temperature , Culture Techniques
5.
Bol. micol ; 22: 55-63, dic. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-598290

ABSTRACT

Se presentan 2 casos clínicos de agentes de micosis cutáneas no descritos en el país. El primer caso corresponde a un paciente femenino de 18 años de edad, sin antecedentes mórbidos de importancia, ni viajes al exterior, que presenta una lesión pruriginosa en cara externa del brazo izquierdo de apariencia erito – pápulodescamativa de 2 semanas de evolución. Al examen directo, presentó micelios hialinos y en los cultivos micológicos un abundante desarrollo de Microsporum praecox. La lesión remitió completamente al tratamiento con Terbinafina tópica 2 veces al día por 21 días. Se comenta la rara presencia en Chile de M.praecox, especie presente en equinos y su hábitat, pero de dispersión restringida a Francia y Bélgica principalmente. Se discute el posible origen de este agente y las interrogantes en cuanto a su presencia en el país. El segundo caso corresponde a un paciente femenino de 24 años de edad, sin antecedentes mórbidos de importancia, que presenta alteraciones de la uña del primer ortejo derecho durante 2 años, caracterizadas por: engrosamiento subungueal, destrucción distal y cambios de coloración. Consulta con un dermatólogo, quien por su aspecto clínico típico, diagnostica onicomicosis e indica Terbinafina 250 mg diarios por 2 meses, sin embargo, el cuadro clínico se hace refractario en el tiempo frente a diversos antimicóticos usados.


Two clinical cases of agents of cutaneous mycoses not described in the country are reported in this paper. The first case deals with an 18-aged female patient, free from any significant morbid history, who has never traveled abroad, which bears a erytho-papule-descamative pruriginous lesion on the outside of her left arm and 2-week evolution. A direct exam revealed the presence of hyaline mycelia while an abundant development of Microsporum praecox was detected in the mycological cultures. The lesion had a favorable reaction to the treatment with topic Terbinafine twice a day for 21 days. The rare occurrence of M.praecox in Chile, a species commonly found in horses and their habitat yet with a restricted distribution mainly in France and Belgium and the possible origin of this agent in the country is commented. The second case is focused on a 24-age female patient, free from any significant morbid history, who exhibits variations in her first right toe since two years and which are characterized by the following: subungueal thickening, distal destruction and change in colour. She consults a dermatologist, who after considering a typical clinical aspect, determined an onimycosis and recommends 250mg Terbinafine for two months; however the clinical pattern becomes refractory in time due to the use of several antimycotic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Acremonium , Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous/etiology , Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous/microbiology , Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous/therapy , Microsporum , Mycoses/diagnosis , Mycoses/etiology , Mycoses/therapy , Onychomycosis , Chile
6.
Bol. micol ; 21: 91-97, dic. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-476900

ABSTRACT

Con el propósito de comparar el rendimiento y la eficiencia de los medios utilizados de rutina en el laboratorio de Micología para la identificación de las especies que integran el complex T. rubrum presentes en la V Región, Chile, seleccionamos: Agar glucosa Sabouraud (SDA), Agar Lactrimel (AL) y el medio sólido leche, glucosa, adicionado con el indicador de púrpura de bromocresol (Fischer & Kane, 1971) (BCP-MS-G). Estos fueron probados en 304 cepas consideradas como T. rubrum en el medio SDA, provenientes de pacientes dermatológicos. Los parámetros que se consideraron fueron rango de crecimiento, pigmentación al reverso de las colonias y presencia de fructificaciones. Las variedades del complex identificadas fueron T. rubrum var. algodonosa (72,4 por ciento) y T. rubrum var. granular (14,5 por ciento) además de integrantes del complex T. mentagrophytes (13,2 por ciento) que no se consideraron en el estudio. La zona anatómica más afectada fueron las uñas de los pies (80,7 por ciento). La fructificación en los 3 medios fue considerada como el gold standard y en base a este criterio se estableció su sensibilidad y especificidad, obteniéndose para la var. granular una especificidad de un 100, 98,6 y 83,9 por ciento en BCP-MS-G, AL y SDA, respectivamente. Para la var. algodonosa, la mayor sensibilidad se obtuvo en BCP-MS-G (71,9 por ciento), pero con una nula especificidad, por lo que se sugiere considerar el rango de crecimiento limitado a los 7 días y la pigmentación al reverso de la colonia en este medio. La identificación fue complementada con la prueba de la ureasa, que fue 100 por ciento negativa para todo el complex T. rubrum. Se sugiere el uso del medio de Fischer & Kane en conjunto con AL y SDA para diferenciar las variedades de este complex.


The following media Sabouraud·s dextrose agar (SDA), Lactrimel Agar and BCP-Milk solids glucose agar(Fischer & Kane, 1971) (BCP-MS-G) were selected to evaluate the performance and the efficiency of the routine media used in mycological laboratory with the purpose of identifying the species that conformed T. rubrum complex in the V Region of Chile. These were tested in 304 strains considered as T. rubrum in the SDA media, obtained from dermatological patients. The following parameters were used: the radial growth of the colonies,the pigmentation at the back of the plates and the presence of fructification. T. rubrum variety downy (72,4 percent and T. rubrum variety granular (14,5 percent) were the only variants identified and T. mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanchard (13,2 percent), that were not consider in this study. The mosts affected anatomic zones were the toe nails (68,9 percent). In the three media used, we considered the presence of fructifications as the gold standard and based on this criteria we evaluated the sensibility and specificity of them.For the variant granular we obtained a specificity of 100, 98,6 y 83,9 percent en BCP-MS-G, AL y SDA, respectively. For the variant downy, the greatest specificity was obtained in BCP-MS-G 71,9 percent,but with a null specificity, a cause of this situation we propose to considerer the restricted radial growth of colonies on the seventh day and the red pigmentation at the back of the plates in this media. The identification of the complex was complemented by theurea test, that was negative for the whole complex. The use of Fischer and Kane media in combination with AL and SDA is suggested for the differentiation of the varieties of this complex.


Subject(s)
Agar , Culture Media , Trichophyton/isolation & purification , Trichophyton/classification , Trichophyton/growth & development , Trichophyton/pathogenicity , Chile , Dermatomycoses
7.
Bol. micol ; 21: 77-84, dic. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-476902

ABSTRACT

Se describe un caso de histoplamosis diseminada alóctona en un paciente con SIDA, de nacionalidad colombiana, quien ingresó al país en Marzo del 2006. Consultó por cuadro clínico de 2 meses de evolución, con dolor abdominal intenso, vómitos, baja de peso, diaforesis, fiebre vespertina, adenopatías múltiples y candidosis oral. De los exámenes destacó radiografía de tórax con infiltrado intersticial, pancitopenia, ELISA para VIH positivo y cultivos microbiológicos negativos. El paciente evolucionó desfavorablemente a pesar del tratamiento antimicrobiano empírico de amplio espectro; se tomó biopsia de ganglio cervical cuyo informe reveló presencia de levaduras gemantes en focos de necrosis, por lo que se inició tratamiento con anfotericina B y se repitió la biopsia para cultivo micológico cuyo informe fue Histoplasma capsulatum. Posteriormente evolucionó favorablemente, afebril y con parcial mejoría del estado general, sin embargo, el día 17/11/06 cursa con agitación, desaturación y un día después fallece por causa indeterminada. Se comenta este inhabitual caso nacional con algunos aportes epidemiológicos, de diagnóstico y sistemáticos.


A case of disseminated allocthonous histoplasmosis in a Colombian AIDS patient who came to the countryin March 2006 is described. He consulted for a clinic syndrome which had started two months before and which was characterized by intense abdominal pain, vomits, weight loss, diaphoresis, evening fever, multiple adenopathies and oral candidosis. Among the exams he was submittedto it is noteworthy a thorax X-rays with interstitial infiltrate, pancitopenia, ELISA to detect positive VIH and negative microbiological cultures. The patient reacted unsatisfactorily in spite of the empirical, broad spectrum antimicrobian treatment; the cervical ganglion was byopsed revealing the presence of gemant yeasts in necrosis focuses after which a treatment with anfotericine B was started, byopsia was repeated to get a mycological culture resulting Histoplasma capsulatum. Later on he reacted satisfactorily, he had no fever and showed a partial improvementin his general state, however on 11/17/06 he undergoes agitation, desaturation and he dies the followingday due to an undetermined cause. This rarely frequent national case is commented together with the delivery of some epidemiological as well as diagnostic and systematic information.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Histoplasma , Histoplasma/pathogenicity , Mycoses/classification , Mycoses/complications , Mycoses/diagnosis , Mycoses/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Chile , Mycoses/etiology , Mycoses/physiopathology , Mycoses/therapy
8.
Bol. micol ; 21: 63-70, dic. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-476904

ABSTRACT

En un control fitosanitario efectuado en las provincias de San Antonio y Valparaíso, algunos árboles de plantaciones de Eucalyptus sp., presentaron un daño cortico vascular, síntomas de amarillez foliar y presencia de galerías subcorticales con compromiso medular, abundantes larvas de un coleóptero xilófago y presencia de micelio. Las muestras del tronco mantenidas en cámara de crianza por 45 días, permitieron la emergencia del estado adulto del insecto, determinándose como Ectinogonia buquetti Spinola (Coleoptera, Buprestidae). En los cultivos en cámara húmeda de la corteza afectada y del escarabajo en agar avena, se desarrolló además un hongo con abundantes peritecios negros de largos cuellos. Morfológicamente se clasificó como Ophiostoma stenoceras (Robak) Melin & Nannf., con anamorfo en Sporothrix (Ascomycota, Ophiostomatales, Ophiostomataceae), determinación ratificada por M.J. Wingfield en Sud Africa. Su fase conidial es casi indistinguible del patógeno humano Sporothrix schenckii. Actualmente se considera como un saprófito o un topatógenodébil, sin registros aparentes en Chile. Se aportan datos taxonómicos y filogenéticos actuales del complex O. stenoceras, de sus integrantes en el suelo, madera de coníferas y su asociación a coleópteros vectores.


During a phytosanitary control carried out in San Antonio and Valparaíso provinces, some trees belongingto Eucalyptus sp. plantations exhibited vascular cortical lesions, yellowish leaves signs and the existence ofsubcortical galleries involving some medular compromise together with a high number of xylophagous coleopteran larvae and presence of mycelia. Samples of the trunk which were kept in breeding chambers for 45 days allowed the emergence of the insect in its adult stage which was identified as Ectinogonia buquetti Spinola (Coleoptera, Buprestidae). In cultures of the affected bark kept in a humid chamber as well as the beetle put in oatagar, a fungus having abundant black long-necked perithecia was developed. It was morphologically classified as Ophiostoma stenoceras (Robak) Melin &Nannf, with its anamorph in Sporothrix (Ascomycota, Ophiostomatales, Ophiostomatacea), a classificationwhich was confirmed by M.J.Winfield in South Africa. Its conidial stage is almost undistinguished from the human pathogen Sporothrix schenckii. It is considered at present as a saprophyte or a weak phytopathogenous which lacksapparent records in Chile.Updated taxonomic and phylogenetic data of the O.stenoceras complex, about its components in the soil, conipherous wood as well as its association with coleopteran vector are supplied.


Subject(s)
Trees/microbiology , Coleoptera , Eucalyptus/microbiology , Fungi/isolation & purification , Fungi/classification , Fungi/pathogenicity , Insect Vectors , Chile
9.
Bol. micol ; 20: 15-27, dic. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-476869

ABSTRACT

Se analizó la colonización in vitro de microhongos filamentosos de rápido crecimiento en la litera de coníferas (Pinus elliottii) en el N.E argentino, mediante muestras estacionales de acículas senescentes de 4 localidades con semejanzas climáticas, edáficas y vegetacionales. Veinte muestras (5 de cada lugar) se sembraron en agar papa dextrosa y agar agua (ambos adicionados con dichlorán) durante 21 días a t° ambiente, para enumerar la presencia relativa de su micota. Se contabilizó un total de 63 géneros fúngicos y 117 especies, representadas mayoritariamente por anamorfos de Ascomycota (85 por ciento). Ascomycita (9,9 por ciento) y Zygomycota (4,1 por ciento). Los hongos dematiáceos fueron dominantes (81,9 por ciento) y los 5 géneros más frecuentes y constantes en las 4 estaciones y localidades, presentaron un variado comportamiento estacional, tales como: Cladosporium (31,8 por ciento), Alternaria (13,5 por ciento), Epicoccum (8,8 por ciento), Trichoderma (5,7 por ciento) y Fusarium (4,9por ciento), con el 65 por ciento de la presencia total. Los géneros con mayor variedad de especies fueron: Curvularia (7), Fusarium (6), Phoma (6), Trichoderma (5) y Cladosporium (4). Las especies de interés médico fueron 52, con una presencia del 73,3 por ciento de la micota total. Las frecuencias más altas fueron: A.alternata, A.tenuisssima, Bipolaris cynodontis, C.cladosporiodes, C.oxysporum, Curvularia lunata, E. nigrum, F. semitectum, Nigrospora sphaerica, T. harzianum y T.viride.


The in vitro colonization of fast growthfilamentous microfungi in the coniferous litter (Pinus elliottii) in northern-eastern Argentina was analysed by using seasonal samples of senescent acicules from four localities showing similar climatic, edaphic and vegetational characteristics. Twenty samples (five from each site) were cultured in dextrose potato agar and water agar (both dichloran added) for 21 days at room temperature in order to assess the relative presence of their mycota. A total sixty three fungal genera and 117strains were detected , most of them being anamorphs of Ascomycota (85 percent), Ascomycota (9.9 percent) and Zygomycota (4.1 percent). Dematiaceous fungi were dominant (81.9 percent) whereas the five genera most frequent and constant inthe four stations and localities showed a varied seasonal behaviour such as:Cladosporium (31.8), Alternaria(13.5 percent), Epicoccum (8.8 percent), Trichoderma (5.7 percent) and Fusarium (4.9 percent) with 65 percent of the entire presence. Genera bearing a higher variety of species were: Curvularia(7),Fusarium (6), Phoma (6), Trichoderma (5) and Cladosporium (4). Species showing medical interest were 52, with a 73.3 percent presence of the total mycota. The highest frequencies were:A:alternata A.tenuisssima, Bipolaris cynodontis, C. cladosporiodes, C.oxysporum, Curvularia lunata, E. nigrum, F.semitecnum, Nigrospora sphaerica, T.harzianum and T.viride.


Subject(s)
Fungi/isolation & purification , Fungi/classification , Fungi/pathogenicity , Mitosporic Fungi , Pinus , Argentina , Climate Effects , Culture Media
10.
Bol. micol ; 19: 63-69, dic. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-416854

ABSTRACT

This paper come be considered as a little contribution to knowledge of fungal biodiversity in Namibia. Soils, seed dung an some vegetal substrata such herb, leaves and bark were collected at random in order to investigate the presence of tropical microfungi and to determine significance of some fungal taxa in the Namibia ecosystem. A total of 49 genera and 80 taxa predominantly anamorph of Ascomycota was recorded, most of them (51 por ciento) were insolated from soil and many were considered common tropical microfungi. The most representative isolate taxa in all substrata analized or in some of them were: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Bipolaris, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Phoma. It is interesting to note in vegetables the presence of Lasiobolidium spirale, quite a rare species.


Subject(s)
Fungi/isolation & purification , Fungi/classification , Soil , Namibia
11.
Bol. Inst. Med. Reg ; 20/21/22: 15-20, 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-424361

ABSTRACT

Mediante la técnica del anzuelo queratínico se analizaron 180 muestras de suelos de 6 localidades de los departamentos de San Fernando y General San Martín, aislándose 29 géneros y 39 especies de hongos queratinofílicos liticos, entre ellos, un 82,5 por ciento correspondieron a Onygenales y sus anamorfos relacionados. La mayor riqueza de especies se detectó en Resistencia (29) y Puerto Tirol (20), la menor en Barranqueras (9). Las especies dominantes fueron: complejo Microsporum gypseum-fulvun (44 por ciento), Aphanoascus fulvenscens (36,6 por ciento), Ch. indicum (31,1 por ciento) y Myceliophthora vellera (32,8 por ciento). Las especies frecuentes en orden decrecientes fueron: Gymnascella aurantiaca (18,9 por ciento), Uncinocarpus reesii (14,4 por ciento), Ch. tropicum (13,9 por ciento), Ch. keratinophilum (11,1 por ciento), Trichophyton terrestre (11,1 por ciento) y las cepas de Malbranchea spp. (11,6 por ciento). Se concluye que éstos suelos presentan una diversificada micota, donde el mismo anzuelo queratínico permitió además, aislar especies potencialmente patógenas no relacionadas con los Onygenales, situación que debe considerarse en la búsqueda de hongos oportunistas


Subject(s)
Fungi , Soil Microbiology , Aspergillus , Fusarium , Microsporum , Penicillium , Soil
12.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 47(3): 262-4, sept. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-228289

ABSTRACT

It has been demostrated in several agricultural regions all around the world that Aspergillus flavus can infect corn grains and produce aflotoxins even before the harvest. It is also known that the incidence and levels of contamination of cereals factora. In the present work, the incidence of aflotoxins in corn grain from the central and northern areas os Santa Fe province in Argentina was studied. The relationship between the extent of kernel infection by the fungus and the persence of aflotoxins in the samples was examinated. The isolation and identification of A.flavus were carried aot by plating dilutions of the ground kernels on dichloran-rose bengal-chloramphenicol agar (DRBC). Simultaneously, kernels were superficially sterilized with 10 per cent commercial CIONa and planed on potato-dextrose-chloramphenicol agar (PDA+C). The analysis of aflatoxins B1, B2 G1 and G2 was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) according with Norma IRAM 14803 (Argentina). A.flavus Link: Fr. was identified in 63.3 per cent of the corn samples. Colonized kernels ranged from 2.5 to 25 per cent and counts on DRBC were in the order of 10 elevado a la 3 CFU/g. Two samples colonized by A.flavus contained aflatoxins B1 and B2 (50 µg/kg of aflotoxins B2, respectively). One sample contained only aflatoxins B1 (22 µ/Kg). According to these results, it may concluded that the incidence of A.flavus observed constitutes a call in attention with respect to the conditions required for storage and transportation of the grains, to minimize the proliferation of the fungus and the production of aflatoxins in these atages. Although the incidence of aflotoxins in the samples of agrains was rather low, the levels of aflotoxins Bi recorded in the samples were higher than those recommended or given as adivsory levels for human foods, by most countries in the world


Subject(s)
Aflatoxins/analysis , Aflatoxins/toxicity , Aspergillus flavus , Food Analysis , Food Preservation , Zea mays , Argentina
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